Impact of daily caffeine intake and timing on electroencephalogram-measured sleep in adolescents
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE(2022)
Abstract
Study Objectives: Caffeine use is ubiquitous among adolescents and may be harmful to sleep, with downstream implications for health and development. Research has been limited by self-reported and/or aggregated measures of sleep and caffeine collected at a single time point. This study examines bidirectional associations between daily caffeine consumption and electroencephalogram-measured sleep among adolescents and explores whether these relationships depend on timing of caffeine use. Methods: Ninety-eight adolescents aged 11-17 (mean =14.38, standard deviation = 1.77; 50% female) participated in 7 consecutive nights of at-home sleep electroencephalography and completed a daily diary querying morning, afternoon, and evening caffeine use. Linear mixed-effects regressions examined relationships between caffeine consumption and total sleep time, sleep-onset latency, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and time spent in sleep stages. Impact of sleep indices on next-day caffeine use was also examined. Results: Increased total caffeine consumption was associated was increased sleep-onset latency (beta = .13; 95% CI = .06, .21; P < .001) and reduced total sleep time (beta = -.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -.31, -.02; P = .02), sleep efficiency (beta = -1.59; 95% CI = -2.51, -.67; P < .001), and rapid eye movement sleep (beta = -.12; 95% CI = -.19, -.05; P < .001). Findings were driven by afternoon and evening caffeine consumption. Reduced sleep efficiency was associated with increased afternoon caffeine intake the following day (beta = -.006; 95% CI = -.012, -.001; P = .01). Conclusions: Caffeine consumption, especially afternoon and evening use, impacts several aspects of adolescent sleep health. In contrast, most sleep indicators did not affect next-day caffeine use, suggesting multiple drivers of adolescent caffeine consumption. Federal mandates requiring caffeine content labeling and behavioral interventions focused on reducing caffeine intake may support adolescent sleep health.
MoreTranslated text
Key words
caffeine, adolescents, EEG, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep-onset latency, rapid eye movement sleep
AI Read Science
Must-Reading Tree
Example
![](https://originalfileserver.aminer.cn/sys/aminer/pubs/mrt_preview.jpeg)
Generate MRT to find the research sequence of this paper
Chat Paper
Summary is being generated by the instructions you defined