Mechanical Stimulus-Related Risk Signature Plays a Key Role in the Prognostic Nomogram For Endometrial Cancer

Background Tumor biomechanics correlates with the progression and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC). The objective of this study is to construct a risk model using the mechanical stimulus-related genes in EC. Methods We retrieved the transcriptome profiling and clinical data of EC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Differentially expressed mechanical stimulus-related genes were extracted from the databases, and then the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to construct a risk model. A nomogram integrating the genes and the clinicopathological characteristics was established and validated using the Kaplan-Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to estimate the overall survival (OS) of EC patients. Protein profiling technology and immunofluorescence technique were performed to verify the connection between biomechanics and EC. Results In total, 79 mechanical stimulus-related genes were identified by analyzing the two databases. Based on the LASSO regression analysis, 7 genes were selected for the establishment of the risk model. This model showed a good performance in terms of the prognostic accuracy in high- and low-risk groups. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) of this model was 0.697, 0.712 and 0.723 for 3-, 5- and 7-year OS, respectively. Then, a nomogram integrating the genes of the risk model and clinical features was constructed. The nomogram could accurately predict the OS (AUC = 0.779, 0.812 and 0.806 for 3-, 5- and 7-year OS, respectively). The results of the protein profiling technology and immunofluorescence revealed the expression of cytoskeleton proteins to be correlated with the Matrigel stiffness degree. Conclusions In summary, a risk model of 7 mechanical stimulus-related genes was identified in EC. A nomogram based on this risk model and combining the clinicopathological features to assess the overall survival of EC showed high practical value.