Impact of pediatric influenza vaccination on antibiotic resistance in England and Wales

Vaccines against viral infections have been proposed to reduce antibiotic prescribing and thereby help control resistant bacterial infections. However, by combining published data sources, we predict that pediatric live attenuated influenza vaccination in England and Wales will not have a major impact upon antibiotic consumption or health burdens of resistance. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement N.G.D., M.J., and K.E.A. were funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Immunisation at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in partnership with Public Health England. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, National Institute for Health Research, Department of Health or Public Health England. ### Author Declarations All relevant ethical guidelines have been followed and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. Yes Any clinical trials involved have been registered with an ICMJE-approved registry such as ClinicalTrials.gov and the trial ID is included in the manuscript. Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant Equator, ICMJE or other checklist(s) as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes Analysis code and data are available at github.com/nicholasdavies/laiv\_amr\_ew. [https://github.com/nicholasdavies/laiv\_amr\_ew][1] [1]: https://github.com/nicholasdavies/laiv_amr_ew