Serum Epiplakin Might Be a Potential Serodiagnostic Biomarker for Bladder Cancer

Simple Summary: Improving early diagnosis and long-term postoperative monitoring of bladder cancer has become a focus of international research. In the present study, we evaluated the epiplakin expression levels in sera from patients with bladder cancer via a micro-dot blot array. Serum epiplakin levels were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer than in those with stone disease and in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, serum epiplakin levels did not differ between patients with non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Immunohistochemistry revealed no association between staining scores, clinicopathological findings, and patients' outcomes. In summary, our findings showed that serum epiplakin might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for patients with bladder cancer. Tumor markers that can be detected at an early stage are needed. Here, we evaluated the epiplakin expression levels in sera from patients with bladder cancer (BC). Using a micro-dot blot array, we evaluated epiplakin expression levels in 60 patients with BC, 20 patients with stone disease, and 28 healthy volunteers. The area under the curve (AUC) and best cut-off point were calculated using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Serum epiplakin levels were significantly higher in patients with BC than in those with stone disease (p = 0.0013) and in healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001). The AUC-ROC level for BC was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69-0.87). Using a cut-off point of 873, epiplakin expression levels exhibited 68.3% sensitivity and 79.2% specificity for BC. However, the serum epiplakin levels did not significantly differ by sex, age, pathological stage and grade, or urine cytology. We performed immunohistochemical staining using the same antibody on another cohort of 127 patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Univariate and multivariate analysis results showed no significant differences between epiplakin expression, clinicopathological findings, and patient prognoses. Our results showed that serum epiplakin might be a potential serodiagnostic biomarker in patients with BC.