The effects of Artemisia methanol extracts and ferulic acid, rutin, rosmarinic acid, and quercetin on micronucleus distribution on human lymphocytes

Methanol extracts of A. absinthium, A. annua, A vulgaris, A. scoparia, and A. alba from Serbia at concentrations of 1.00; 2.00 and 4.00 mu g/ml, and as pure compounds identified in examined extracts (ferulic acid, rutin, rosmarinic acid, and quercetin) were examined for their effects on micronucleus distribution in human lymphocytes in vitro. All extracts greatly reduced the number of micronuclei in the concentration of 2.00 mu g/ml comparing to the control, whereby A. alba extract exhibited the most prominent effect on decreasing frequency of micronucleus (45.2%), followed by extracts of A. vulgaris, A. absinthium, A. scoparia and A. annua. The same declining trend was observed for the extracts at concentrations of 4.00 mu g/ml, and 1.00 mu g/ml, respectively. Among pure compounds (concentration 2.00 mu g/ml), rutin showed the most pronounced effect on decreasing frequency of micronucleus (41.7%), higher than ferulic acid, quercetin, and rosmarinic acid comparing to the control.