Inverse associations between food diversity in the second year of life and allergic diseases

Background: The influence of diet in early childhood on later allergic diseases is currently a highly debated research topic. We and others have suggested that an increased diet diversity in the first year of life has a protective effect on the development of allergic diseases. Objective: This follow-up study aimed to investigate associations between diet in the second year of life and later allergic diseases. Methods: A total of 1014 children from rural areas in 5 European countries (the Protection against Allergy: Study in Rural Environments or PASTURE birth cohort) were included. Information on feeding practices in their second year of life and allergic diseases were collected up to age 6 years. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed with different models considering reverse causality, such as excluding children with a positive sensitization to egg and those with a positive sensitization to cow's milk at the age of 1 year. Results: An increased food diversity score during the second year of life was negatively associated with the development of asthma. Consumption of dairy products and eggs in the second year of life found an inverse association with reported allergic outcomes. Consumption of butter was strongly associated with protection against asthma and food sensitization. Egg was inversely associated with atopic dermatitis (odds ratio [OR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.77). Yogurt and cow's milk were inversely associated with food allergy (OR for yogurt, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.55; OR for cow's milk, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11-0.89). Conclusion: Increased food diversity in the second year of life is inversely associated with the development of asthma, and consumption of dairy products might have a protective effect on allergic diseases. (c) 2021 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.