Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma: surgical management

Background Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous tumors with high recurrence rates that require a multimodal treatment approach and a surgical resection strategy adapted to tumor localization and histological subtype. Objective Based on current scientific data this article intends to provide an overview on subtype-specific features, prognostic factors and operative techniques in the surgical management of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. Material and methods A review of the literature addressing surgical management of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas was performed. Current evidence and recommendations were summarized. Results and conclusion Macroscopically complete tumor resection represents the sole curative treatment option for both primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. To minimize the probability of tumor-infiltrated resection margins, compartmental resection has become a standard treatment for retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. This approach includes resection of all organs and structures adjacent to the tumor. Multivisceral resection is often associated with this approach and it is acceptable in terms of morbidity and mortality if performed at a center with experience in retroperitoneal sarcoma surgery. Histologic subtype, tumor grading, and quality of initial surgical treatment are major prognostic factors for oncologic overall survival.