Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization As A Loco-Regional Inducer Of Immunogenic Cell Death In Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications For Immunotherapy

TACE is associated with lower IT density of immune-exhausted effector cytotoxic and T-regs, with significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways. This highlights the pleiotropic effects of TACE in modulating the tumor microenvironment and strengthens the rationale for developing immunotherapy alongside TACE.