Hydatid Disease of the Liver in the Middle East: A Single Center Experience

Background: Human cystic echinococcosis (CE), most commonly caused by echinococcosis granulosis, is the most common presentation of hydatid disease of the liver and is considered endemic in the Middle East region. Patients and Methods: This study is a retrospective single-center analysis of all patients with hepatic hydatid disease presenting for surgical management from 2001 to 2019. Results: From 2001 to 2019, 100 patients (54 males, 46 females) were diagnosed with hydatid disease of the liver with a mean age of 45 years (range, 19-82). The most common presenting symptom was right upper quadrant abdominal pain followed by incidental finding of cyst on imaging. Thirteen patients (13%) presented with signs and symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Of the 100 patients, 39 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 61 underwent open surgery. The most common complications were as follows: 16 bile leaks (16%), 14 intraabdominal fluid collections (14%), 8 wound infections (8%), and 3 patients had biliary strictures (3%). Of the 100, 8 patients(8%) had recurrence of their hepatic hydatid disease. Conclusions: Hydatid disease of the liver is not a common disease, and its management can include medical, surgical, and interventional radiology. The decision depends on the size and complexity of the cyst and its location. Bile leak is a common complication and should be managed conservatively or through intervention by radiology or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).