Overnight pain and opioid use after osmotic cervical dilator placement for second trimester dilation and evacuation

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate pain following overnight osmotic cervical dilator placement for second trimester dilation and evacuation (D&E). Methods A retrospective cohort study surveyed pain and quantified prescription opioid use among 100 women who underwent overnight osmotic cervical dilator placement for D&E. Participants were given opioid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) prescriptions and were asked to rate their level of pain on a Likert scale (1-10). Demographic and medical information was abstracted from electronic medical records. Bivariate analyses of demographic and clinical characteristics by pain score and opioid use were conducted. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed for pain score. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted for factors associated with opioid use. Results Gestational age ranged from 14 to 23 weeks (average 19 +/- 3 weeks). The mean score of worst pain experienced was 5.3 out of 10. Participants reported 3.4 h of moderate pain (4-6 out of 10) and 1.0 h of severe pain (7-10 out of 10); 54% of women took at least one opioid (mean 2.8 +/- 1.5). Multivariate analysis showed that higher pain was associated with younger age (p = .0363) and no prior vaginal delivery (p = .0296). The number of osmotic cervical dilators was associated with pain in the bivariate analysis (r = 0.216, p = .0311) but was not significant in the multivariate analysis (p = .0634). An increasing number of cervical dilators (p = .0323) and a higher pain score (p = .004) were associated with opioid use. Conclusion Most participants with overnight cervical dilators for D&E experienced at least moderate pain and used opioid pain medication in addition to NSAIDs when available. A shared decision-making model may be appropriate for determining which patients may benefit from opioids.