High serum uric acid may associate with the increased risk of colorectal cancer in females: A prospective cohort study

Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been previously reported to play a role in multiple types of cancers. However, epidemiological studies evaluating SUA levels and colorectal cancer risk remain sparse. This cohort study included 444 462 participants between the ages of 40 and 69 years from the UK Biobank, followed up from 2006 to 2010. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). During a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, 2033 and 855 cases of colon and rectal cancers, respectively, were diagnosed. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for risks of colon cancer in the lowest uric acid categories (<= 3.5 mg/dL) compared with the reference groups were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-2.29) in males and 1.26 (95% CI = 1.03-1.55) in females. The HRs in the highest uric acid groups (>8.4 mg/dL) were 1.16 (95% CI = 0.83-1.63) in males and 2.00 (95% CI = 1.02-3.92) in females. The corresponding HRs of rectal cancer in the lowest uric acid groups compared with the reference group were 2.21 (95% CI = 1.15-4.23) in males and 0.98 (95% CI = 0.66-1.45) in females. The HRs in the highest uric acid groups were 1.35 (95% CI = 0.82-2.23) in males and 3.81 (95% CI = 1.38-10.56) in females. In conclusion, SUA showed a U-shaped association with colon cancer risk in both male and female populations. The same pattern was observed in male patients with rectal cancer. However, SUA levels were positively associated with occurrence of rectal cancer in female subjects.