Risk Factors for Complications Associated with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters During Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Objective Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are widely used in patients with hematologic ma-lignancies. However, the risks of PICC-related complications during chemotherapy for acute myeloid leuke-mia (AML) are not fully understood. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 128 adult patients with AML who received induction ther-apy by way of PICC insertion between 2012 and 2019. Results The median duration of PICC insertion was 30 days. The incidence rate of catheter-related blood-stream infection (CRBSI) was 2.4% at 30 days, and women were more likely to suffer from CRBSI than men. Local reactions at the insertion site were observed in 56 patients; however, these events did not predict CRBSI. The incidence rates of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) were 1.6% at 30 days. Obesity put patients at an increased risk for CRT. Unexpected PICC removal occurred in 59 patients, and women were at a higher risk of catheter removal than men. Conclusion Low PICC-related complication rates, possibly associated with high rates of catheter removal, were observed during intensive chemotherapy for AML. Women and obese patients require careful monitor -ing of their PICC. Procedures to achieve appropriate PICC removal without increasing the complication rate need to be considered.