Two-impurity Kondo effect in potassium-doped single-layer p -sexiphenyl films

Herein, we show that a self-assembled phase of potassium (K)-doped single-layer para-sexiphenyl (PSP) film on a gold substrate is an excellent platform for studying the two-impurity Kondo model. On K-doped PSP molecules well separated from others, we observe a Kondo resonance peak close to E F with a Kondo temperature of 30 K. The Kondo resonance peak splits when another K-doped PSP molecule is present in the vicinity, and the splitting gradually increases with the decrease in intermolecular distance without signs of phase transition. Our data demonstrate how a Kondo singlet state gradually evolves into an antiferromagnetic singlet state due to the competition between Kondo screening and antiferromagnetic Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida coupling, as described in the two-impurity Kondo model. Intriguingly, the antiferromagnetic singlet is quickly destroyed on increasing temperature and transforms back to a Kondo singlet below the Kondo temperature. Our data provide a comprehensive picture and quantitative constraints on related theories and calculations of the two-impurity Kondo model.