High expression of Toll-like receptor 7 is a survival factor in pediatric medulloblastoma

Purpose Medulloblastoma is an embryonal brain tumor that predominantly occurs in childhood with a wide histological and molecular variability. Our aim was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), their association with the infiltration of immune cells and with the histological subgroups, and, also, with the overall survival of patients. Methods Fifty-six paraffin-preserved biopsies from children with medulloblastoma of the classic, desmoplastic, and anaplastic subtypes were included. Microarrays of tissues were performed, and the infiltration of T and NK cells was quantified, as well as the expression of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. For all statistical analyses, significance was p < 0.05. Results CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells were found infiltrating the tumor. The infiltration of NK and CD4 + cells was greater in the classic and desmoplastic subtypes than in anaplastic. We found an important expression of TLRs in all medulloblastomas, but TLR7 and TLR8 were considerably higher in classic and desmoplastic subtypes than in anaplastic. Importantly, we observed that TLR7 was a prognostic factor for survival. Conclusions Medulloblastomas present cellular infiltration and a differential expression of TLRs depending on the histological subtype. TLR7 is a prognostic factor of survival that is dependent on treatment and age.