The fabrication of a highly efficient hydrogel based on a functionalized double network loaded with magnesium ion and BMP2 for bone defect synergistic treatment.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications(2021)
Abstract
Although the use of bioactive ions and proteins are crucial for bone defect repair, delivering them in a stable and controlled manner remains challenging. To achieve controlled delivery of osteogenic active factor, we developed a novel double network (DN) hydrogel capable of co-delivering Mg2+ ions and BMP2 in a controlled localized manner. This DN hydrogel was composed of poly (acrylamide) and chitosan, in which the poly (acrylamide) was cross-linked via covalent bond and the chitosan was grafted using bisphosphonate (BP) to form metal coordination bonds with Mg2+ ions. Due to this dynamic dissociation and re-association of the "BP-Mg2+" coordination bond, it was possible to deliver Mg2+ ions in a stable and controlled manner. Additionally, the obtained DN hydrogel exhibited an effective tensile strength (0.62 MPa), perfect stretchability (973% fracture strain), and good creep and recovery properties due to the dynamic cross-linking effect of "BP-Mg2+". Additionally, the hydrogel could synergistically promote the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1 cells) in vitro via the BMP2/Wnt pathway. In the skull defect rat model, this positive delivery government of Mg2+ ions and BMP2 synergistically accelerated bone regeneration. In conclusion, this dynamic cross-linked hydrogel containing Mg2+ ions established a new platform for the sustained release of osteogenesis factor and accelerated the bone regeneration process.
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