Life Cycle Assessment of Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Coupled with Solar Flow Battery Systems

The intermittent nature of solar energy has made it necessary for photovoltaic (PV) systems to rely on external energy storage when deployed off-the-grid. In recent years, solar flow batteries (SFBs) have emerged as a potential alternative, which integrates energy production and storage in an integrated device. Here we performed an environmental assessment by highlighting potential hotspots that m...