Structural emission reduction in China’s industrial systems and energy systems: an input-output analysis

China is committed to achieving the goals of “peak carbon and carbon neutrality,” and the carbon dioxide emissions generated in the energy utilization process mainly come from industrial and energy systems. This paper used structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and input-output analysis to study the structural emission reductions in China’s industrial and energy systems in 2007–2015. The results revealed that the final demand effect was the main factor promoting the growth of energy-related CO 2 emissions and that the energy intensity effect played a weak role in promoting the growth of energy-related CO 2 emissions. However, the energy structure effect and input structure effect reduced energy-related carbon emission growth. We found that for energy systems, the emission reduction effects of blast furnace gas, raw coal, refinery dry gas, and natural gas were obvious, while those of crude oil, gasoline, fuel oil, and kerosene were not obvious. For industrial systems, the tertiary industry played a major role in the final demand effect, followed by the secondary industry, and the primary industry in turn. This paper provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals of China’s energy systems and industrial systems.