The w-calculus: a synchronous framework for the verified modelling of digital signal processing algorithms

ABSTRACTWe introduce the W-calculus, an extension of the call-by-value λ-calculus with synchronous semantics, designed to be flexible enough to capture different implementation forms of Digital Signal Processing algorithms, while permitting a direct embedding into the Coq proof assistant for mechanized formal verification. In particular, we are interested in the different implementations of classical DSP algorithms such as audio filters and resonators, and their associated high-level properties such as Linear Time-invariance. We describe the syntax and denotational semantics of the W-calculus, providing a Coq implementation. As a first application of the mechanized semantics, we prove that every program expressed in a restricted syntactic subset of W is linear time-invariant, by means of a characterization of the property using logical relations. This first semantics, while convenient for mechanized reasoning, is still not useful in practice as it requires re-computation of previous steps. To improve on that, we develop an imperative version of the semantics that avoids recomputation of prior stream states. We empirically evaluate the performance of the imperative semantics using a staged interpreter written in OCaml, which, for an input program in W, produces a specialized OCaml program, which is then fed to the optimizing OCaml compiler. The approach provides a convenient path from the high-level semantical description to low-level efficient code.