Molecular subtyping of diffuse gliomas using magnetic resonance imaging: comparison and correlation between radiomics and deep learning

Objectives The molecular subtyping of diffuse gliomas is important. The aim of this study was to establish predictive models based on preoperative multiparametric MRI. Methods A total of 1016 diffuse glioma patients were retrospectively collected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into the training ( n = 780) and validation ( n = 236) sets. According to the 2016 WHO classification, diffuse gliomas can be classified into four binary classification tasks (tasks I–IV). Predictive models based on radiomics and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) were developed respectively, and their performances were compared with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Additionally, the radiomics and DCNN features were visualized and compared with the t -distributed stochastic neighbor embedding technique and Spearman’s correlation test. Results In the training set, areas under the curves (AUCs) of the DCNN models (ranging from 0.99 to 1.00) outperformed the radiomics models in all tasks, and the accuracies of the DCNN models (ranging from 0.90 to 0.94) outperformed the radiomics models in tasks I, II, and III. In the independent validation set, the accuracies of the DCNN models outperformed the radiomics models in all tasks (0.74–0.83), and the AUCs of the DCNN models (0.85–0.89) outperformed the radiomics models in tasks I, II, and III. DCNN features demonstrated more superior discriminative capability than the radiomics features in feature visualization analysis, and their general correlations were weak. Conclusions Both the radiomics and DCNN models could preoperatively predict the molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas, and the latter performed better in most circumstances. Key Points • The molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas could be predicted with MRI. • Deep learning features tend to outperform radiomics features in large cohorts. • The correlation between the radiomics features and DCNN features was low.