Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (Tgf Beta 1) Plasmatic Levels And Haplotype Structures In Obesity: A Role For Tgf Beta 1 In Steatosis Development

Background Obesity is considered a chronic inflammatory disease and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) might exert important roles in disease pathogenesis regulating adipocyte differentiation and immune-inflammatory environment. However, the role of this cytokine as a biomarker in obesity is poorly addressed. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of TGFB1 polymorphisms and TGF beta 1 plasmatic levels in obesity Methods and results TGFB1 promoter region polymorphisms (rs1800468, G-800A and rs1800469, C-509 T) were evaluated in 75 obese patients and 45 eutrophic patients through PCR-RFLP and plasmatic TGF beta 1 was quantified through ELISA from 37 of the obese patients, and correlations with clinical and biochemical parameters were tested. Despite no association was found between TGFB1 polymorphisms and obesity susceptibility, several correlations with clinical data were noted. Among others, AC haplotype negatively correlated with plasmatic TGF beta 1, while plasmatic TGF beta 1 negatively correlated with C-reactive protein and positively correlated with liver abnormalities on ultrasound and, specifically, with steatosis presence and degree. Conversely, GT haplotype, which associates with higher TGF beta 1 production, was also positively correlated with the same parameters of liver abnormalities. Further, plasmatic vitamin D negatively correlated with TGF beta 1, while positively correlated with AC haplotype. Conclusion Overall, the results indicate that TGF beta 1 might exert important roles in obesity pathophysiology and correlate with biochemical and clinical parameters both at systemic protein as well as at genetic level. Importantly, the consistent positive correlation at both levels with steatosis might suggest this cytokine as a biomarker for this hepatic abnormality in obese patients.