Regulatory T-cell and neutrophil extracellular trap interaction contributes to carcinogenesis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

•Total CD4+ T cells are decreased but the Treg subpopulation is increased in NASH.•Depleting Tregs prevents HCC development in NASH by increasing cancer immunosurveillance.•NETs facilitate crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity by promoting Treg activity.•NETs modulate regulatory gene profiles in naïve CD4+ T cells, promoting their differentiation into Tregs.•Metabolic reprogramming in naïve CD4+ T cells promotes Treg differentiation via TLR4 signaling.