Stroke and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with the full spectrum of cerebrovascular disease including ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, small vessel disease, and vascular cognitive impairment. Shared conventional vascular risk factors such as age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus may account for many of these associations, but novel renal-specific risk factors such as uraemia-related coagulopathy or endothelial dysfunction have also been proposed. In this chapter, we will explore the impact of CKD on stroke risk, mechanisms, and outcomes. We will also outline potential challenges and inequities in stroke care delivery and research for these patients along with some strategies to help improve stroke prevention and management for this high-risk group.