Evaluating Outcomes and Weight Loss After Panniculectomy

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes and weight loss after panniculectomy. Methods A retrospective chart review study was performed on 225 consecutive patients who had undergone panniculectomy from 2002 and 2020. Demographic variables including smoking status, medical comorbidities, and prior history of weight loss/bariatric surgery were collected for 173 patients. Preoperative and postoperative body mass index (BMI) were calculated in addition to postoperative outcomes. Results The study population was 85% female with a mean age of 57 years and an average follow-up of 3.9 years. Relevant comorbidities included obesity (88%), hypertension (65%), diabetes (37%), and smoking (8%), and the majority (53%) of patients had undergone prior bariatric surgery. The overall complication rate was 40%. Twenty percent of patients required reoperation or readmission, and 20% had minor complications addressed in an outpatient setting. Patients who had higher preoperative BMI experienced a significant long-term reduction in BMI. In addition, patients who did not undergo prior bariatric surgery tended to lose weight more often and by larger amounts than patients who had prior bariatric surgery (71.6% vs 57.6, P = 0.023). Complications were not uncommon and included infection (17%), delayed wound healing (16%), seroma (8%), and hematoma (3%). Patients who had prior bariatric surgery were at reduced risk of any complication (P = 0.012). Smoking increased the incidence of infection (38.5% of smokers vs 15.6% of nonsmokers, P = 0.039). Concomitant hernia repair increased the risk of overall complications (64.3% vs 35.9%, P = 0.003) and delayed wound healing (39.2% vs 11.7%, P < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients who did not lose weight, a panniculus weight greater than 5 kg was associated with an increased complication rate (61.5% vs 27%, P = 0.03). Conclusions Patients who underwent a panniculectomy tended to lose weight postoperatively, particularly those who had not undergone previous bariatric surgery. Complications were not uncommon, especially in patients with a smoking history. Prior bariatric surgery patients had a significant decrease in postoperative complications but tended to lose less weight after panniculectomy than those without prior bariatric surgery. Concomitant hernia repair put patients at an increased risk of complications.