Implementation of the Individual Teamwork Observation and Feedback Tool to Evaluate Pharmacy Student Performance.

To determine the appropriateness and feasibility of implementing the Individual Teamwork Observation and Feedback Tool (iTOFT) in advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) to allow direct observation and rating of students' interprofessional teamwork skills. In the academic year 2018-2019, preceptors administered iTOFT at least once during required acute care and ambulatory care APPEs. After administration, which involved direct observation of students' behavior on an interprofessional team, preceptors evaluated iTOFT results and offered feedback to students. To determine implementation success of the iTOFT activity, an implementation satisfaction survey was administered to preceptors and students, which included questions on appropriateness and feasibility. The iTOFT activity was completed 149 times each during required acute care and ambulatory care APPEs. Results demonstrated positive teamwork behaviors, eg, no students received an "inappropriate" rating on any iTOFT item. The implementation survey response rate was 33% (34/102) for preceptors and 40% (50/125) for students. Both groups reported that the iTOFT activity was feasible. Respondents also reported that completing the iTOFT activity did not interfere with workflow and that it was not difficult to find opportunities to complete it. Per preceptor report, mean time to complete the iTOFT activity was 37.7 minutes, but there were concerns identified regarding fidelity with all iTOFT steps. Incorporation of the iTOFT activity into the required acute and ambulatory care APPEs at a school of pharmacy was feasible. Future directions include determining ways to increase iTOFT fidelity.