Levofloxacin or gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment decreases intrauterine microbial colonization in human endometriosis

•Using 16S rDNA metagenome assay and immunohistochemical analysis, we found that treatment with levofloxacin and/or GnRHa decreases uterine infection with consequent decrease in the occurrence of tissue inflammation, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in endometria of women with endometriosis.•This new treatment strategy in women with endometriosis was associated with substantial decrease in the occurrence of chronic endometritis.•These findings were coincided with significantly decreased tissue inflammation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis in endometriotic lesions with histology proven improvement in the morphological appearance of ovarian endometrioma.