Peta-Electron Volt Gamma-Ray Emission From The Crab Nebula The Lhaaso Collaboration

Zhen Cao,F Aharonian, Q An, Axikegu,L X Bai, Y X Bai,Y W Bao,D Bastieri,X J Bi,Y J Bi, H Cai, J T Cai,Zhe Cao,J Chang,J F Chang, B M Chen,E S Chen,J Chen,Liang Chen, Long Chen,M J Chen, M L Chen,Q H Chen,S H Chen,S Z Chen, T L Chen, X L Chen,Y Chen, N Cheng,Y D Cheng,S W Cui, X H Cui, Y D Cui,B D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B Z Dai, H L Dai, Z G Dai, Danzengluobu,D Della Volpe,X J Dong,K K Duan, J H Fan,Y Z Fan,Z X Fan, J Fang, K Fang, C F Feng, L Feng,S H Feng, Y L Feng,B Gao, C D Gao,L Q Gao,Q Gao,W Gao,M M Ge,L S Geng,G H Gong, Q B Gou, M H Gu,F L Guo,J G Guo,X L Guo,Y Q Guo,Y Y Guo,Y A Han,H H He,H N He, J C He, S L He,X B He,Y He,M Heller, Y K Hor,C Hou,X Hou, H B Hu,S Hu,S C Hu,X J Hu,D H Huang, Q L Huang,W H Huang,X T Huang,X Y Huang,Z C Huang,F Ji,X L Ji,H Y Jia,K Jiang, Z J Jiang, C Jin,T Ke,D Kuleshov, K Levochkin,B B Li,Cheng Li, Cong Li, F Li,H B Li,H C Li, H Y Li,Jian Li,Jie Li,K Li,W L Li,X R Li,Xin Li,Y Li, Y Z Li,Zhe Li, Zhuo Li, E W Liang, Y F Liang,S J Lin, B Liu, C Liu, D Liu,H Liu, H D Liu,J Liu,J L Liu,J S Liu,J Y Liu,M Y Liu, R Y Liu,S M Liu,W Liu, Y Liu,Y N Liu, Z X Liu, W J Long,R Lu,H K Lv, B Q Ma,L L Ma, X H Ma, J R Mao,A Masood,Z Min,W Mitthumsiri,T Montaruli, Y C Nan, B Y Pang, P Pattarakijwanich,Z Y Pei, M Y Qi, Y Q Qi, B Q Qiao, J J Qin, D Ruffolo, V Rulev,A Saiz,L Shao, O Shchegolev, X D Sheng, J Y Shi,H C Song,Yu V Stenkin,V Stepanov,Y Su, Q N Sun, X N Sun,Z B Sun, P H T Tam, Z B Tang, W W Tian, B D Wang,C Wang,H Wang,H G Wang, J C Wang,J S Wang,L P Wang,L Y Wang, R N Wang,Wei Wang,X G Wang, X J Wang,X Y Wang, Y Wang, Y D Wang,Y J Wang, Y P Wang,Z H Wang,Z X Wang, Zhen Wang,Zheng Wang,D M Wei,J J Wei,Y J Wei,T Wen,C Y Wu, H R Wu,S Wu,W X Wu,X F Wu, S Q Xi,J Xia,J J Xia, G M Xiang, D X Xiao, G Xiao,H B Xiao, G G Xin,Y L Xin,Y Xing,D L Xu, R X Xu,L Xue, D H Yan,J Z Yan,C W Yang, F F Yang,J Y Yang,L L Yang,M J Yang, R Z Yang, S B Yang, Y H Yao,Z G Yao, Y M Ye,L Q Yin,N Yin, X H You,Z Y You,Y H Yu,Q Yuan, H D Zeng, T X Zeng,W Zeng, Z K Zeng,M Zha, X X Zhai, B B Zhang,H M Zhang,H Y Zhang, J L Zhang,J W Zhang, L X Zhang, Li Zhang,Lu Zhang,P F Zhang, P P Zhang, R Zhang,S R Zhang, S S Zhang,X Zhang, X P Zhang,Y F Zhang,Y L Zhang,Yi Zhang,Yong Zhang,B Zhao,J Zhao,L Zhao,L Z Zhao,S P Zhao,F Zheng, Y Zheng,B Zhou,H Zhou, J N Zhou,P Zhou,R Zhou, X X Zhou, C G Zhu, F R Zhu,H Zhu, K J Zhu,X Zuo

SCIENCE（2021）

引用 117|浏览51

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摘要

The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 x 10(-4) to 1.1 peta-electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta-electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron's size between 0.025 and 0.1 parsecs and the magnetic field to approximate to 110 microgauss. The production rate of peta-electron volt electrons, 2.5 x 10(36) ergs per second, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, although we cannot exclude a contribution of peta-electron volt protons to the production of the highest-energy gamma rays.

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关键词

Crab Nebula,Nebula,Pulsar,Luminosity,Gamma ray,Synchrotron,Electron,Rotational energy,Astrophysics,Physics

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