Disentangling the Individual and Group Effects of Masculinity Ideology on PTSD Treatment

Endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology is frequently associated with interference in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, there is little empirical basis for this association. Moreover, there is increasing attention on masculinity ideology being contextual in nature, which may have important implications for our understanding of its impact on treatment. Here, we examine how the outcome of a group-based treatment for veterans with PTSD was impacted by traditional masculinity facets held at the individual level, and among other group members. Our sample consisted of (N = 255) Canadian veteran men. Results indicated that the degree of individual self-reliance and dominance attenuated positive treatment outcomes, with respect to total PTSD symptom change and PTSD-related avoidance symptoms. Self-reliance also attenuated symptom change in negative alterations in cognitions and mood and hyperarousal clusters. Other group members' degree of masculinity did not appear to impact individual participants' pre- to post-treatment PTSD symptom change. The R-2 for significant results ranged from .01-.05. This study provides evidence that, within the context of group-based treatment, an individual's endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology may impede reduction of PTSD symptomatology, but the effect of other group members' masculinity endorsement does not.