Periodontal Disease in Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Dental Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Periodontitis is chronic disease leading to tooth loss. Oral hygiene practices combined with regular dental examinations keep oral cavity disease free and maintain periodontal health. The primary objective was to find out the prevalence of periodontal disease of patients measured by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Community Periodontal Index. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in department of Periodontics of a tertiary care dental hospital from April to June 2019 after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling and 183 sample size was calculated. Proforma included demographics, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Community Periodontal Index, body mass index, and smoking status. Data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 and descriptive statistics were presented as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Results: Prevalence of periodontal disease corresponding to loss of attachment 1, 2, 3, and 4 was found to in 104 (56.83%) participants. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index score was 1.67 +/- 0.89 with "fair" status in majority 114 (62.30%). Gingivitis (Community Periodontal Index 1, 2) was seen in 136 (74.32%). The mean age was 36.37 +/- 14.43 years of which 92 (50.27%) were female but smoking was more in males. Conclusions: This study suggests deteriorating periodontal health related to age, sex, oral hygiene, smoking, and BMI. As updated information on oral and periodontal health in Nepal is limited, this assessment would help the national policy makers on oral health intervention measures to prevent periodontitis and develop future programs to improve oral health.