Beyond The Mean: Long-Term Variabilities In Precipitation And Temperature On The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Long-term variabilities in daily precipitation and temperature are critical for assessing the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. We characterized intra- and interannual variabilities in daily precipitation and temperature obtained from 1960 to 2015 at 78 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results show the following. 1) the intra-annual variability of daily precipitation increases for 55 meteorological stations with a rate of 0.08 mm decade(-1). In contrast, the intra-annual variability markedly decreases for daily mean, daytime mean, and nighttime mean temperatures with a rate of 0.09 degrees, 0.07 degrees, and 0.12 degrees C decade(-1), respectively, at 90% or more of stations. 2) Variabilities of daily precipitation and temperatures are very sensitive to high altitudes (>3500 m). The intra- and interannual variabilities of daily precipitation significantly decrease at 1.0 and 0.07 mm (1000 m)(-1), respectively. However, variations of high altitudes increase the intra- and interannual variabilities of daily mean temperature at 1.0 degrees and 0.2 degrees C (1000 m)(-1), respectively. Moreover, the interannual variability of nighttime mean temperature varies at 0.3 degrees C (1000 m)(-1), the fastest rate among three temperature indices. 3) A larger mean annual precipitation is accompanied by a higher intra- and interannual variability of daily precipitation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; however, a higher mean annual temperature leads to lower variabilities of daily temperatures. This study illustrates that long-term climatic variability is understudied in alpine ecosystems characterized by high climatic sensitivity. Precipitation and temperature variabilities should be characterized to improve predictions of vulnerable ecosystems responding to climate change.