Integrated energy system–Hydrogen natural gas hybrid energy storage system optimization model based on cooperative game under carbon neutrality

•This article considers the alliance of integrated energy system- Hydrogen natural gas hybrid energy storage system (IES-HGESS) to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.Through the cooperative alliance, in the process of IES achieving carbon neutrality, CO2 emissions and investment and construction costs will be reduced; at the same time, the CO2 outsourcing cost of HGESS will be reduced and the net profit will be increased.•According to the response speed, the user demand response is divided into two categories, A and B, respectively, to participate in the day-ahead market and the real-time market to improve the utility of demand response. Among them, the slower response speed of type A demand response participates in the day-ahead market to reduce user energy costs; the faster response speed of type B demand response participates in the real-time market to achieve the balance of energy supply and demand.•IES-HGESS subscribes for spinning reserve in the real-time market to make up for the real-time power shortage. Since the real-time market requires the real-time balance of supply and demand, wind power and photovoltaic power generation are uncertain. Through the purchase of spinning reserve, IES-HGESS can form a certain adjustable range in the real-time market, reduce energy purchase costs, and achieve a balance between supply and demand.