Ammonium Ions Induce Cellulase Synthesis in Trichoderma koningii

Cellulase plays an important role in addressing the issue of the energy crisis. However, the yield and degradation efficiency of cellulase remain a major challenge. In the present study, we aimed to verify whether ammonium ion (NH 4 + ) could induce cellulase synthesis from T. koningii AS3.2774 and to explore new functional genes related to the cellulase production. Our results indicated that NH 4 + induces cellulase production in a way different from nitrogen sources. NH 4 + -mediated mycelia displayed a significant increase in transport vesicles. Under NH 4 + mediation, CBHI, CBHII, glycoside hydrolase family 5 proteins, Hap2/3/5 complexes, “ribosome biogenesis”, and “heme binding” were significantly up-regulated, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in “Metabolism”. Collectively, our findings illustrated that NH 4 + induced the cellulase production at morphological and gene expression levels, which might be related to the Hap2/3/5 complex, ribosomes, and genes involved in various amino acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Taken together, our results provided valuable insights into the regulatory network of cellulase gene expression in filamentous fungi.