Less bleeding associated with apixaban versus other direct acting oral anticoagulation in solid organ transplant recipients

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of bleeding and thrombosis resulting from the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in a large cohort of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods This was a single center, retrospective cohort study of adult kidney, heart, lung, and liver transplant recipients transplanted between August 2009 and May 2018. Patients were stratified into two groups: those who received apixaban (apixaban group) or those patients receiving either rivaroxaban or dabigatran (non-apixaban group). The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of bleeding while receiving DOAC therapy. The secondary endpoints were incidence of major bleeding and thrombosis at any time while receiving DOAC therapy. Results A total of 106 patients were included; 70 patients received apixaban and 36 patients received non-apixaban anticoagulation. Cumulative incidence of any bleeding was lower in the apixaban group compared to the non-apixaban group at both 90 days (4.9% vs. 16.1%) and 180 days (11.4% vs. 24.9%, P = .034). Cumulative incidence of major bleeding (P = .686) and thrombosis (P = .515) were similar between groups. DOAC dosing congruent with the package insert(s) was associated with a lower risk of thrombosis. Conclusion Apixaban-based anticoagulation was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of any bleeding compared to non-apixaban DOACs.