RapidoPGS: a rapid polygenic score calculator for summary GWAS data without a test dataset

Motivation: Polygenic scores (PGS) aim to genetically predict complex traits at an individual level. PGS are typically trained on genome-wide association summary statistics and require an independent test dataset to tune parameters. More recent methods allow parameters to be tuned on the training data, removing the need for independent test data, but approaches are computationally intensive. Based on fine-mapping principles, we present RapidoPGS, a flexible and fast method to compute PGS requiring summary-level Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets only, with little computational requirements and no test data required for parameter tuning. Results: We show that RapidoPGS performs slightly less well than two out of three other widely used PGS methods (LDpred2, PRScs and SBayesR) for case-control datasets, with median r(2) difference: -0.0092, -0.0042 and 0.0064, respectively, but up to 17 000-fold faster with reduced computational requirements. RapidoPGS is implemented in R and can work with user-supplied summary statistics or download them from the GWAS catalog.