Recursively Divided Pancake Graphs With A Small Network Cost

Graphs are often used as models to solve problems in computer science, mathematics, and biology. A pancake sorting problem is modeled using a pancake graph whose classes include burnt pancake graphs, signed permutation graphs, and restricted pancake graphs. The network cost is degree x diameter. Finding a graph with a small network cost is like finding a good sorting algorithm. We propose a novel recursively divided pancake (RDP) graph that has a smaller network cost than other pancake-like graphs. In the pancake graph P-n, the number of nodes is n!, the degree is n - 1, and the network cost is O(n(2)). In an RDPn, the number of nodes is n!, the degree is 2log(2)n - 1, and the network cost is O(n(log(2)n)(3)). Because O(n(log(2)n)(3)) < O(n(2)), the RDP is superior to other pancake-like graphs. In this paper, we propose an RDPn and analyze its basic topological properties. Second, we show that the RDPn is recursive and symmetric. Third, a sorting algorithm is proposed, and the degree and diameter are derived. Finally, the network cost is compared between the RDP graph and other classes of pancake graphs.