Changes Of Serum Il-10, Il-1 Beta, Il-6, Mcp-1, Tnf-Alpha, Ip-10 And Il-4 In Covid-19 Patients

Background and purpose Studies have shown that some cytokines in COVID-19 patients were elevated. This study aims to assess whether IL-10, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IP-10 and IL-4 serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers of COVID-19. Methods The above serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients were detected by ELISA and SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG were detected by the chemiluminescence method. The independent-sample Mann-Whitney U test was utilised to compare cytokine levels in different groups and courses, the Levene T-test and T'-test were utilised to compare they in different genders and the Spearman correlation test was utilised to analyse the correlation between the cytokine levels with ages and SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM. Results Serum levels of IL-10, IL-1 beta, MCP-1, TNF-alpha and IL-4 in COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than those in non-COVID-19 patients, while IL-6 were only significantly higher than in healthy people, IP-10 were significantly lower than in other diseases patients. AUCs of COVID-19 diagnosed by IL-10, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IP-10 and IL-4 were 0.735, 0.775, 0.595, 0.821, 0.848, 0.38 and 0.682, respectively. In the COVID-19 patients' serum, the levels of IL-10 and MCP-1 of male were noticeably higher than those of female, and all cytokines were significantly positively correlated with age, IL-1 beta and IL-4 were significantly negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 IgM, while IL-10, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF- and IP-10 were significantly negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG. IL-10 on 43-56 days was significantly lower than at 29-42 days, TNF-alpha at 15-42 days was significantly higher than at 0-14 days, IP-10 at 0-14 days was the highest and IL-4 at 29-42 days was significantly higher than at 0-14 days. Conclusions The detection of IL-10, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-alpha and IL-4 would assist the clinical study of COVID-19, and IP-10 may be the cytokine of early elevation in COVID-19 patients.