Virulence Of Steinernema Ceratophorum Against Different Pest Insects And Their Potential For In Vivo And In Vitro Culture

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are biological control agents used to control different insect pests. Indigenous EPN resources are important for the successful control of endemic pests. A native EPN isolate collected in Yunnan, China that showed high virulence against Spodoptera litura was identified and studied for virulence and production potential. The EPN isolate was identified as Steinernema ceratophorum and showed high virulence against different larval stages of Spodoptera exigua, Ostrinia nubilalis, Helicoverpa armigera, and the 2nd instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda when applied at SOU/larva under in vitro conditions. In vivo culture of the S. ceratophorum isolate showed that Galleria mellonella larvae were the most suitable host compared to Tenebrio molitor and S. litura. The highest yield in in vivo culture was 1.15 x 10(5)IJ/larva when cultured in G. mellonella with inoculum concentration of SOU/larva at 25 degrees C. For in vitro solid culture, the highest yield for S. ceratophorum was 2.09 x 10(6)J/g when cultured at optimal temperature of 25 degrees C. Nematodes from the in vivo and in vitro culture, both retained their virulence against the G. mellonella larvae. The S. ceratophorum showed high potential to be mass produced, which will enable the commercial use of this EPN isolate. This is the first attempt to mass culture the S. ceratophorum species. The study explores the usage of S. ceratophorum and provides basis for the commercialization of the EPN species.