Urinary glucose tetrasaccharide correlates with phenotype in Pompe disease in the newborn period

Hydrology and carbon speciation have been measured in watersheds of southwest Haiti to quantify the amount of inorganic carbon transport. Surrounded by limestone deposits, the rivers and reservoirs of southwest Haiti have some of the highest dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity (TA) reported. Precipitation and discharge in these small mountainous rivers (SMRs) are continuously measured with autonomous, real-time hydrometeorological stations. The hydrometeorological studies have been conducted from 2010 to 2015 and carbon speciation measurements have been conducted since 2013. Stage and discharge capabilities were generated in this study as they did not exist for this region of the country. Episodic, event-driven discharge from these rivers drastically varies in time. Annual rainfall varies from 1 to 3 m a−1. In all rivers and reservoirs, measured DIC was always less than, but close to measured TA. The DIC discharge flux for 2014–2015 was 4.24 × 108 mol yr−1. A small percentage of that is exchanged to the atmosphere (>0.3%). Measured suspended solids were extremely low. Coincident water quality measurements were taken during nominal baseline flow.