Exact Pp-Waves, (A)Ds Waves, And Kundt Spaces In The Abelian-Higgs Model

We find new exact solutions of the Abelian-Higgs model coupled to general relativity, characterized by a nonvanishing superconducting current. The solutions correspond to pp-waves, AdS waves, and Kundt spaces, for which both the Maxwell field and the gradient of the phase of the scalar arc aligned with the null direction defining these spaces. In the Kundt family, the geometry of the two-dimensional surfaces orthogonal to the superconducting current is determined by the solutions of the two-dimensional Lionville equation, and in consequence, these surfaces are of constant curvature, as it occurs in a vacuum. The solution to the Liouville equation also acts as a potential for the Maxwell field, which we integrate into a closed-form. Using these results, we show that the combined effects of the gravitational and scalar interactions can confine the electromagnetic field within a bounded region in the surfaces transverse to the current.