Birefringent Optical Retarders From Laser 3d-Printed Dielectric Metasurfaces

Structuring light attracts continuous research effort due to its impactful applications in optical information and communications, laser material processing, optical imaging, or optical manipulation of matter. In particular, femtosecond laser direct writing of photoresists is a technology dedicated to the creation of optically isotropic free-form 3D micro-optical elements with size, spatial resolution, and surface quality that qualify to demanding integrated optics needs. Here, we report on the design, production, and characterization of dielectric metasurface birefringent optical retarders made from femtosecond laser 3D printing technology whose polarization conversion efficiency is more than 10 times larger than that previously reported Wang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 181101 (2017)]. As the flexibility of the fabrication process allows considering arbitrary orientation of the artificially engineered optical axis, these results open up for 3D printed geometric phase optical elements.