Extended retrospective detection of regenerated sarin (GB) in rabbit blood and the IMPA metabolite in urine: a pharmacokinetics study

Long-term retrospective monitoring of exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents is challenging. We recently developed two highly sensitive analytical methods for regenerated sarin (GB) nerve agent in blood and its primary metabolite, isopropyl-methylphosphonic acid (IMPA), in urine. These methods were implemented in a toxicokinetics study carried out with sarin injected (i.v.) to rabbits at doses corresponding to 0.1, 0.5 or 0.9 LD 50 . The time frame for monitoring regenerated sarin from blood was 70 days for 0.1 LD 50 and 0.5 LD 50 and 77 days for 0.9 LD 50, where rapid elimination occurred in the first 8 days with an initial average half-life of 1.2 days, followed by a second, slower elimination, with a terminal average half-life of 8.4 days. The time frame for monitoring IMPA in urine was 7, 15 and 16 days for 0.1 LD 50 , 0.5 LD 50 and 0.9 LD 50 intoxications, respectively. Rapid elimination of IMPA in urine occurred after exposure, with an average half-life of ~ 0.8 days on days 2–6. For the first time, a slower elimination route for IMPA, with an average half-life of ~ 4 days from day 6 onwards, was revealed. Both IMPA and regenerated sarin pharmacokinetics exhibit linearity with dose. The overlaid pharmacokinetic profiles of regenerated sarin in blood along with IMPA in urine emphasize the dominance of IMPA with a rapid decay in urine in the first week and the slower long-term decay of protein-bound sarin later in blood. To our knowledge, the two new sensitive methods exhibit the longest monitoring time frame reported in biological samples.