Highly Efficient Non-Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors Enabled by the Conformational Lock and Structural Isomerization Effects

Two novel nonfused-ring electron acceptors (N-FREAs) namely DTP-out-F and DTP-in-F, containing 2,5-difluorophenylene central core flanked with DTP blocks and end-capped with IC-2F terminals were designed and synthesized. The C-H center dot center dot center dot F noncovalent interactions between F atom of 2,5-difluorophenylene and H-3 and H-6 from DTP moiety (for DTP-in-F and DTP-out-F, respectively) locked the molecular conformation within a planar geometry. Benefiting from asymmetric nature of DTP block, the two different connection positions (2- or 7-position) of DTP to 2,5-difluorophenylene afforded the structural isomers of DTP-in-F and DTP-out-F, which affected the overall properties of these N-FREAs, especially the molecular packing behaviors. The more preferred J-aggregation and face-on packing of DTP-in-F shifted the absorption to slightly longer wavelength and provided a polymer-like extended crystal transport channels for improving the charge transport. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was significantly improved from 3.97% of DTP-out-F-based devices to 10.66% of DTP-in-F-based devices. These results reveal the great potential of isomerization strategy to develop high-performance N-FREAs.