Treatment of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fracture with a minimally invasive clamp reduction technique via the anterior approach

Objective To investigate the efficacy of the minimally invasive clamp reduction technique via the anterior approach in the treatment of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Methods From January 2015 to January 2021, 115 patients (48 males and 67 females) with irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fractures were treated. The average age of the patients was 78.7 (45–100 years old). The types of injuries were falls (91 cases), traffic accidents (12 cases), smashing (6 cases), and high falling (6 cases). The duration between injury and surgery ranged from 1 to 14 days, with an average of 3.9 days. The distribution of AO classification was as follows: 31-A1 in 15 cases, type 31-A2 in 67 cases and 31-A3 in 33 cases. Results All patients achieved good reduction, with fracture reduction times ranging from 10 to 32 min (mean of 18 min), and were followed up for 12–27 months after surgery (mean of 17.9 months). Two patients with pronation displacement of the proximal fracture segment died of infection or hypostatic pneumonia after internal fixation failure; one patient with failed internal fixation switched to joint replacement. After internal fixation, the lateral wall of six reversed intertrochanteric femoral fractures showed repronation and abduction displacement, but all fractures achieved bony healing. The rest of the patients did not lose fracture reduction, and all fractures achieved bony healing with a healing time ranging from 3 to 9 months (mean of 5.7 months). While two patients died and one patient exhibited failed internal fixation and thus switched to joint replacement, 91 of the remaining 112 patients had an excellent Harris score of the hip joint function at the final follow-up, while 21 patients had a good Harris score. Conclusion The minimally invasive clamp reduction technique via the anterior approach for the treatment of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fractures is simple, effective and minimally invasive. In the case of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fractures associated with lateral wall displacement, the lateral wall needs to be strengthened after clamp reduction and intramedullary nail fixation to avoid loss of reduction and failure of internal fixation.