Late radiation effects in survivors of head and neck cancer: State of the science

•Due to the increase in head and neck cancer survivors, a greater number of consequences left by radiation therapy can occur.•The toxicity of radiotherapy exerts a negative impact on quality of life.•Hyposalivation/xerostomia, dysphagia, radiation caries, trismus and osteoradionecrosis are the most common late adverse effects.•Multidisciplinary teams and support care are recommended for patients with head and neck cancer.