Quantifying interagency differences in intensity estimations of Super Typhoon Lekima (2019)

There were significant discrepancies in the intensity estimations of Super Typhoon Lekima (2019)among the China Meteorological Administration (CMA),the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC),and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) data sets,with a maximum difference of over 12 m/s and 16 m/s between the JTWC data set and the CMA and JMA data sets,respectively.During the intensification phase,dis-agreement on the maximum sustained wind (MSW)between these agencies was due to the use of different conversion tables for the current intensity number (CI)estimated by Dvorak technique-MSW.In addition,CI discrepancies and different available observational data were also important contributors to the different intensities estimated during the Lekima's decay phase before landfall.The ability of various methods to minimize these discrepancies was evaluated in this study.Both the linear factor multiplication method and the remapping method using the same CI-MSW conversion table have substan-tially abilities to reduce intensity discrepancies,with the latter method being more effective.However,these improvements only hold for the intensification phase in the ocean.The CMA data set had more complete and accurate intensity estimations when Lekima made landfall in China.After its landfall,the intensity estimate of the CMA was comparable to that of the JMA,which differed greatly from that of the JTWC.