Rolling Circle Replication for Biosensing, Bioimaging, and Biomedicine

Rolling circle replication (RCR), including rolling circle amplification (RCA) and rolling circle transcription (RCT), is an isothermal enzymatic reaction. Because of its high amplification efficiency, RCR isa powerful biosensing tool for detecting biomolecules. In recent years, RCR has also been extended to the field of bioimaging to better understand biological pathways. Furthermore, RCR provides a simple technique to design and generate DNA/RNA structures with unique advantages in delivering drugs and enhanced targeting ability. In this review, we introduce the fundamentals of RCR and describe the most recent advances in RCR-based detection methods and delivery vehicles for biosensing, bioimaging, and biomedicine. Finally, some challenges and further opportunities of RCRbased biotechnology are discussed.