Elliptic Flow Of Electrons From Beauty-Hadron Decays In Pb-Pb Collisions At Root S(Nn)=5.02 Tev
S Acharya,D Adamová,A Adler,J Adolfsson,M M Aggarwal,G Aglieri Rinella,M Agnello,N Agrawal,Z Ahammed,S Ahmad,S U Ahn,Z Akbar,A Akindinov,M Al-Turany,S N Alam,D S D Albuquerque,D Aleksandrov,B Alessandro,H M Alfanda,R Alfaro Molina,B Ali,Y Ali,A Alici,N Alizadehvandchali,A Alkin,J Alme,T Alt,L Altenkamper,I Altsybeev,M N Anaam,C Andrei,D Andreou,A Andronic,M Angeletti,V Anguelov,C Anson,T Antičić,F Antinori,P Antonioli,N Apadula,L Aphecetche,H Appelshäuser,S Arcelli,R Arnaldi,M Arratia,I C Arsene,M Arslandok,A Augustinus,R Averbeck,S Aziz,M D Azmi,A Badalà,Y W Baek,S Bagnasco,X Bai,R Bailhache,R Bala,A Balbino,A Baldisseri,M Ball,S Balouza,D Banerjee,R Barbera,L Barioglio,G G Barnaföldi,L S Barnby,V Barret,P Bartalini,C Bartels,K Barth,E Bartsch,F Baruffaldi,N Bastid,S Basu,G Batigne,B Batyunya,D Bauri,J L Bazo Alba,I G Bearden,C Beattie,C Bedda,N K Behera,I Belikov,A D C Bell Hechavarria,F Bellini,R Bellwied,V Belyaev,G Bencedi,S Beole,A Bercuci,Y Berdnikov,D Berenyi,R A Bertens,D Berzano,M G Besoiu,L Betev,A Bhasin,I R Bhat,M A Bhat,H Bhatt,B Bhattacharjee,A Bianchi,L Bianchi,N Bianchi,J Bielčík,J Bielčíková,A Bilandzic,G Biro,R Biswas,S Biswas,J T Blair,D Blau,C Blume,G Boca,F Bock,A Bogdanov,S Boi,J Bok,L Boldizsár,A Bolozdynya,M Bombara,G Bonomi,H Borel,A Borissov,H Bossi,E Botta,L Bratrud,P Braun-Munzinger,M Bregant,M Broz,E Bruna,G E Bruno,M D Buckland,D Budnikov,H Buesching,S Bufalino,O Bugnon,P Buhler,P Buncic,Z Buthelezi,J B Butt,S A Bysiak,D Caffarri,A Caliva,E Calvo Villar,J M M Camacho,R S Camacho,P Camerini,F D M Canedo,A A Capon,F Carnesecchi,R Caron,J Castillo Castellanos,A J Castro,E A R Casula,F Catalano,C Ceballos Sanchez,P Chakraborty,S Chandra,W Chang,S Chapeland,M Chartier,S Chattopadhyay,A Chauvin, C Cheshkov, B Cheynis, V Chibante Barroso,D D Chinellato,S Cho, P Chochula, T Chowdhury,P Christakoglou, C H Christensen, P Christiansen, T Chujo, C Cicalo, L Cifarelli, L D Cilladi, F Cindolo, M R Ciupek,G Clai, J Cleymans,F Colamaria,D Colella,A Collu,M Colocci,M Concas, G Conesa Balbastre,Z Conesa Del Valle,G Contin, J G Contreras, T M Cormier, Y Corrales Morales,P Cortese, M R Cosentino,F Costa, S Costanza, P Crochet, E Cuautle,P Cui, L Cunqueiro, D Dabrowski, T Dahms, A Dainese, F P A Damas, M C Danisch, A Danu, D Das,I Das, P Das,S Das,A Dash, S Dash,S De, A De Caro, G de Cataldo,J de Cuveland,A De Falco,D De Gruttola,N De Marco, S De Pasquale,S Deb,H F Degenhardt, K R Deja, A Deloff,S Delsanto,W Deng, P Dhankher, D Di Bari, A Di Mauro,R A Diaz, T Dietel,P Dillenseger,Y Ding, R Divià, D U Dixit, Ø Djuvsland, U Dmitrieva, A Dobrin, B Dönigus, O Dordic,A K Dubey, A Dubla,S Dudi,M Dukhishyam, P Dupieux, R J Ehlers, V N Eikeland, D Elia,B Erazmus, F Erhardt, A Erokhin, M R Ersdal, B Espagnon,G Eulisse,D Evans,S Evdokimov, L Fabbietti, M Faggin,J Faivre,F Fan, A Fantoni, M Fasel,P Fecchio, A Feliciello, G Feofilov, A Fernández Téllez, A Ferrero,A Ferretti, A Festanti,V J G Feuillard,J Figiel, S Filchagin, D Finogeev, F M Fionda, G Fiorenza,F Flor,A N Flores, S Foertsch, P Foka,S Fokin, E Fragiacomo, U Frankenfeld, U Fuchs, C Furget,A Furs, M Fusco Girard, J J Gaardhøje,M Gagliardi,A M Gago,A Gal, C D Galvan, P Ganoti, C Garabatos, J R A Garcia,E Garcia-Solis,K Garg,C Gargiulo, A Garibli, K Garner, P Gasik,E F Gauger,M B Gay Ducati, M Germain,J Ghosh, P Ghosh,S K Ghosh,M Giacalone, P Gianotti, P Giubellino, P Giubilato,A M C Glaenzer, P Glässel, A Gomez Ramirez,V Gonzalez, L H González-Trueba,S Gorbunov, L Görlich,A Goswami, S Gotovac, V Grabski, L K Graczykowski,K L Graham, L Greiner, A Grelli, C Grigoras, V Grigoriev, A Grigoryan,S Grigoryan, O S Groettvik, F Grosa,J F Grosse-Oetringhaus,R Grosso, R Guernane,M Guittiere, K Gulbrandsen,T Gunji,A Gupta, R Gupta,I B Guzman, R Haake, M K Habib, C Hadjidakis,H Hamagaki, G Hamar,M Hamid, R Hannigan, M R Haque,A Harlenderova, J W Harris,A Harton, J A Hasenbichler,H Hassan,Q U Hassan, D Hatzifotiadou, P Hauer, L B Havener,S Hayashi,S T Heckel, E Hellbär, H Helstrup, A Herghelegiu,T Herman, E G Hernandez, G Herrera Corral, F Herrmann,K F Hetland,H Hillemanns,C Hills, B Hippolyte, B Hohlweger, J Honermann,D Horak,A Hornung,S Hornung,R Hosokawa, P Hristov,C Huang,C Hughes,P Huhn, T J Humanic, H Hushnud, L A Husova,N Hussain, S A Hussain,D Hutter, J P Iddon, R Ilkaev,H Ilyas, M Inaba, G M Innocenti, M Ippolitov, A Isakov,M S Islam,M Ivanov,V Ivanov,V Izucheev,B Jacak,N Jacazio, P M Jacobs,S Jadlovska,J Jadlovsky, S Jaelani, C Jahnke,M J Jakubowska, M A Janik,T Janson, M Jercic, O Jevons,M Jin,F Jonas, P G Jones,J Jung,M Jung, A Jusko, P Kalinak, A Kalweit, V Kaplin,S Kar, A Karasu Uysal, D Karatovic,O Karavichev, T Karavicheva,P Karczmarczyk, E Karpechev,A Kazantsev, U Kebschull, R Keidel, M Keil,B Ketzer,Z Khabanova, A M Khan, S Khan, A Khanzadeev,Y Kharlov,A Khatun,A Khuntia, B Kileng,B Kim,D Kim,D J Kim, E J Kim, H Kim,J Kim,J S Kim, J Kim,M Kim,S Kim,T Kim,S Kirsch,I Kisel, S Kiselev,A Kisiel, J L Klay, C Klein, J Klein, S Klein, C Klein-Bösing,M Kleiner, A Kluge, M L Knichel, A G Knospe, C Kobdaj, M K Köhler, T Kollegger,A Kondratyev, N Kondratyeva,E Kondratyuk,J Konig,S A Konigstorfer, P J Konopka, G Kornakov, L Koska,O Kovalenko,V Kovalenko,M Kowalski, I Králik, A Kravčáková,L Kreis, M Krivda, F Krizek, K Krizkova Gajdosova,M Krüger,E Kryshen, M Krzewicki,A M Kubera,V Kučera,C Kuhn, P G Kuijer,L Kumar,S Kundu, P Kurashvili, A Kurepin, A B Kurepin, A Kuryakin, S Kushpil,J Kvapil, M J Kweon, J Y Kwon, Y Kwon, S L La Pointe, P La Rocca,Y S Lai,M Lamanna, R Langoy,K Lapidus,A Lardeux,P Larionov, E Laudi, R Lavicka, T Lazareva,R Lea,L Leardini, J Lee,S Lee, S Lehner, J Lehrbach,R C Lemmon, I León Monzón, E D Lesser, M Lettrich,P Lévai,X Li, X L Li,J Lien, R Lietava,B Lim, V Lindenstruth,A Lindner,C Lippmann, M A Lisa, A Liu,J Liu,S Liu, W J Llope, I M Lofnes,V Loginov, C Loizides,P Loncar,J A Lopez,X Lopez, E López Torres, J R Luhder,M Lunardon, G Luparello, Y G Ma, A Maevskaya,M Mager,S M Mahmood,T Mahmoud,A Maire,R D Majka,M Malaev, Q W Malik, L Malinina, D Mal'Kevich, P Malzacher, G Mandaglio,V Manko, F Manso, V Manzari,Y Mao,M Marchisone,J Mareš, G V Margagliotti, A Margotti, A Marín,C Markert, M Marquard,C D Martin, N A Martin, P Martinengo,J L Martinez,M I Martínez, G Martínez García, S Masciocchi, M Masera, A Masoni, L Massacrier,E Masson,A Mastroserio, A M Mathis,O Matonoha, P F T Matuoka, A Matyja,C Mayer, F Mazzaschi,M Mazzilli, M A Mazzoni, A F Mechler, F Meddi,Y Melikyan, A Menchaca-Rocha, C Mengke, E Meninno,A S Menon, M Meres,S Mhlanga,Y Miake, L Micheletti,L C Migliorin, D L Mihaylov,K Mikhaylov, A N Mishra, D Miśkowiec, A Modak,N Mohammadi, A P Mohanty, B Mohanty, M Mohisin Khan,Z Moravcova,C Mordasini, D A Moreira De Godoy, L A P Moreno,I Morozov,A Morsch,T Mrnjavac, V Muccifora,E Mudnic,D Mühlheim,S Muhuri,J D Mulligan, A Mulliri, M G Munhoz, R H Munzer,H Murakami,S Murray, L Musa, J Musinsky,C J Myers, J W Myrcha,B Naik, R Nair, B K Nandi, R Nania, E Nappi,M U Naru, A F Nassirpour,C Nattrass,R Nayak, T K Nayak, S Nazarenko,A Neagu,R A Negrao De Oliveira,L Nellen,S V Nesbo, G Neskovic, D Nesterov, L T Neumann, B S Nielsen, S Nikolaev,S Nikulin,V Nikulin, F Noferini, P Nomokonov,J Norman,N Novitzky,P Nowakowski, A Nyanin, J Nystrand, M Ogino, A Ohlson, J Oleniacz,A C Oliveira Da Silva,M H Oliver, C Oppedisano,A Ortiz Velasquez,A Oskarsson, J Otwinowski,K Oyama, Y Pachmayer,V Pacik,S Padhan,D Pagano, G Paić,J Pan,S Panebianco,P Pareek,J Park, J E Parkkila,S Parmar, S P Pathak,B Paul, J Pazzini,H Pei, T Peitzmann,X Peng,L G Pereira, H Pereira Da Costa, D Peresunko, G M Perez,S Perrin,Y Pestov, V Petráček, M Petrovici, R P Pezzi, S Piano, M Pikna, P Pillot, O Pinazza, L Pinsky, C Pinto, S Pisano,D Pistone, M Płoskoń, M Planinic,F Pliquett, M G Poghosyan, B Polichtchouk, N Poljak, A Pop, S Porteboeuf-Houssais,V Pozdniakov, S K Prasad, R Preghenella, F Prino, C A Pruneau,I Pshenichnov,M Puccio,J Putschke,S Qiu,L Quaglia,R E Quishpe, S Ragoni,S Raha, S Rajput, J Rak, A Rakotozafindrabe, L Ramello, F Rami,S A R Ramirez, R Raniwala, S Raniwala,S S Räsänen,R Rath,V Ratza,I Ravasenga, K F Read, A R Redelbach,K Redlich,A Rehman, P Reichelt,F Reidt,X Ren, R Renfordt, Z Rescakova, K Reygers,A Riabov,V Riabov, T Richert, M Richter, P Riedler,W Riegler, F Riggi,C Ristea, S P Rode, M Rodríguez Cahuantzi, K Røed, R Rogalev,E Rogochaya,D Rohr, D Röhrich,P F Rojas, P S Rokita,F Ronchetti,A Rosano, E D Rosas, K Roslon,A Rossi, A Rotondi,A Roy, P Roy, O V Rueda, R Rui, B Rumyantsev, A Rustamov,E Ryabinkin,Y Ryabov, A Rybicki, H Rytkonen, O A M Saarimaki,R Sadek, S Sadhu,S Sadovsky,K Šafařík,S K Saha,B Sahoo, P Sahoo, R Sahoo,S Sahoo,P K Sahu,J Saini,S Sakai,S Sambyal,V Samsonov,D Sarkar,N Sarkar,P Sarma, V M Sarti, M H P Sas, E Scapparone, J Schambach, H S Scheid, C Schiaua, R Schicker,A Schmah, C Schmidt, H R Schmidt,M O Schmidt, M Schmidt, N V Schmidt, A R Schmier, J Schukraft,Y Schutz,K Schwarz, K Schweda, G Scioli, E Scomparin, J E Seger,Y Sekiguchi,D Sekihata, I Selyuzhenkov,S Senyukov, D Serebryakov, A Sevcenco, A Shabanov, A Shabetai, R Shahoyan, W Shaikh, A Shangaraev,A Sharma,H Sharma,M Sharma, N Sharma, S Sharma, O Sheibani,K Shigaki, M Shimomura,S Shirinkin,Q Shou,Y Sibiriak,S Siddhanta,T Siemiarczuk, D Silvermyr,G Simatovic, G Simonetti,B Singh,R Singh, V K Singh,V Singhal,T Sinha, B Sitar, M Sitta, T B Skaali, M Slupecki, N Smirnov,R J M Snellings,C Soncco,J Song, A Songmoolnak, F Soramel,S Sorensen, I Sputowska,J Stachel,I Stan,P J Steffanic, E Stenlund,S F Stiefelmaier,D Stocco,M M Storetvedt, L D Stritto, A A P Suaide,T Sugitate, C Suire, M Suleymanov, M Suljic,R Sultanov, M Šumbera,V Sumberia,S Sumowidagdo,S Swain,A Szabo, I Szarka,U Tabassam, S F Taghavi, G Taillepied, J Takahashi, G J Tambave,S Tang,M Tarhini, M G Tarzila, A Tauro, G Tejeda Muñoz, A Telesca, L Terlizzi,C Terrevoli,D Thakur, S Thakur,D Thomas, F Thoresen, R Tieulent,A Tikhonov, A R Timmins, A Toia, N Topilskaya,M Toppi, F Torales-Acosta, S R Torres,A Trifiró, S Tripathy, T Tripathy,S Trogolo, G Trombetta, L Tropp,V Trubnikov,W H Trzaska, T P Trzcinski,B A Trzeciak,A Tumkin,R Turrisi, T S Tveter, K Ullaland, E N Umaka, A Uras,G L Usai,M Vala,N Valle,S Vallero,N van der Kolk, L V R van Doremalen, M van Leeuwen, P Vande Vyvre,D Varga, Z Varga, M Varga-Kofarago,A Vargas, M Vasileiou,A Vasiliev,O Vázquez Doce, V Vechernin,E Vercellin, S Vergara Limón, L Vermunt, R Vernet, R Vértesi, L Vickovic,Z Vilakazi, O Villalobos Baillie, G Vino, A Vinogradov,T Virgili,V Vislavicius, A Vodopyanov,B Volkel, M A Völkl, K Voloshin,S A Voloshin,G Volpe, B von Haller,I Vorobyev, D Voscek, J Vrláková,B Wagner,M Weber,S G Weber, A Wegrzynek, S C Wenzel,J P Wessels, J Wiechula, J Wikne,G Wilk, J Wilkinson,G A Willems, E Willsher, B Windelband, M Winn,W E Witt,J R Wright,Y Wu,R Xu,S Yalcin,Y Yamaguchi,K Yamakawa,S Yang,S Yano, Z Yin,H Yokoyama,I-K Yoo, J H Yoon,S Yuan,A Yuncu,V Yurchenko, V Zaccolo,A Zaman, C Zampolli, H J C Zanoli, N Zardoshti, A Zarochentsev,P Závada, N Zaviyalov, H Zbroszczyk, M Zhalov, S Zhang, X Zhang, Z Zhang, V Zherebchevskii, Y Zhi, D Zhou, Y Zhou, Z Zhou, J Zhu, Y Zhu, A Zichichi, G Zinovjev, N Zurlo
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS（2021）
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摘要
The elliptic flow of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.8) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The azimuthal distribution of the particles produced in the collisions can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, in which the second harmonic coefficient represents the elliptic flow, v(2). The v(2) coefficient of electrons from beauty hadron decays is measured for the first time in the transverse momentum (p(T)) range 1.3- 6 GeV/c in the centrality class 30%-50%. The measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays exploits their larger mean proper decay length c tau approximate to 500 mu m compared to that of charm hadrons and most of the other background sources. The v(2) of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity is found to be positive with a significance of 3.75 sigma. The results provide insights into the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the medium. A model assuming full thermalization of beauty quarks is strongly disfavored by the measurement at high p(T), but is in agreement with the results at low p(T). Transport models including substantial interactions of beauty quarks with an expanding strongly interacting medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.
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关键词
electrons,beauty-hadron
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