Plasma miR-26a-5p is a biomarker for retinal neurodegeneration of early diabetic retinopathy

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this activity, participants will: Describe plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) validated with qualitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR), and their correlation with neurodegeneration, according to retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Determine gene targets of miRNA and mechanisms underlying the pathogenic process of DR, according to bioinformatic analysis used to predict potential targets of miRNA associated with RNFL thickness and to investigate the functions of the potential target genes. Identify clinical implications of bioinformatic analysis of miRNAs in DR and their gene targets. Continuing Medical Education In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by Medscape, LLC and Springer Nature. Medscape, LLC is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. Medscape, LLC designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s) TM . Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to 1.0 MOC points in the American Board of Internal Medicine’s (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) programme. Participants will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity. It is the CME activity provider’s responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit. All other clinicians completing this activity will be issued a certificate of participation. To participate in this journal CME activity: (1) review the learning objectives and author disclosures; (2) study the education content; (3) take the post-test with a 75% minimum passing score and complete the evaluation at www.medscape.org/journal/eye ; (4) view/print certificate. Credit hours 1.0 Release date: Expiration date: Post-test link: https://medscape.org/eye/posttest943521 Authors/Editors disclosure information SS has disclosed the following relevant financial relationships: Served as an advisor or consultant for: Allergan, Inc.; Apellis; Bayer AG; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Heidelberg Pharma GmbH; Novartis; Oculis; Optos; Oxurion; Roche; Served as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Allergan, Inc.; Bayer AG; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Optos; Received grants for clinical research from: Allergan, Inc.; Bayer AG; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Optos. RS, LC, WW, YD, YZL, HZ. RL have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Journal CME author disclosure information Laurie Barclay has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.