Associations between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and haemorrhagic stroke

OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between the blood concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the clinical features of haemorrhagic stroke. METHODS This study analysed the data from patients with acute haemorrhagic stroke at a comprehensive stroke centre from 2013 to 2018. Patients were stratified into three groups according to their baseline LDL-C levels: < 70, 70 to < 100 and >= 100 mg/dL. We used multivariate logistic regression models to analyse the associations between LDL-C and the risks of having severe neurological deficits (National Institute Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] scores >= 15) and unfavourable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] scores>2) at discharge. RESULTS Six-hundred and six patients were analysed. Their median age was 58 years. Among the patients, 75 (12%) patients had LDL-C levels < 70 mg/dL, 194 (32%) patients had LDL-C levels between 70 to < 100 mg/dL and the other 337 (56%) patients had LDL-C levels >= 100 mg/dL. Patients with higher LDL-C levels were less likely to suffer severe neurological deficits (LDL-C: 70 to < 100 vs. < 70 mg/dL, adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.15-0.57; LDL-C: = 100 vs. < 70 mg/dL, adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.15-0.51) and to have unfavourable outcomes at discharge (LDL-C: 70 to < 100 vs. < 70 mg/dL, adjusted OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.87 and LDL-C: >= 100 vs. < 70 mg/dL, adjusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28-0.78). CONCLUSIONS An LDL-C level < 70 mg/dL was independently associated with severe neurological deficits of haemorrhagic stroke and may increase the risks of unfavourable outcomes at discharge.