Early onset of hyperuricemia is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality risk

Background Hyperuricemia is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the association of the age at hyperuricemia onset with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality is still unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of hyperuricemia onset age with CVD and all-cause mortality. Methods A total of 82,219 participants free of hyperuricemia and CVD from 2006 to 2015 in the Kailuan study were included. The analysis cohort comprised 18,311 new-onset hyperuricemia patients and controls matched for age and sex from the general population. Adjusted associations were estimated using Cox models for CVD and all-cause mortality across a range of ages. Results There were 1,021 incident cases of CVD (including 215 myocardial infarctions, 814 strokes) and 1459 deaths during an average of 5.2 years of follow-up. Patients with hyperuricemia onset at an age < 45 years had the highest hazard ratios (HRs) (1.78 (1.14–2.78) for CVD and 1.64 (1.04–2.61) for all-cause mortality relative to controls). The HRs of CVD and all-cause mortality were 1.32 (1.05–1.65) and 1.40 (1.08–1.81) for the 45–54 years age group, 1.23 (0.97–1.56) and 1.37 (1.11 to 1.72) for the 55–64 years age group, and 1.10 (0.88–1.39) and 0.88 (0.76–1.01) for the ≥ 65 years age group, respectively. Conclusions The age at hyperuricemia onset was identified as an important predictor of CVD and all-cause mortality risk, and the prediction was more powerful in those with a younger age of hyperuricemia onset. Graphic abstract Early onset of hyperuricemia is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality risk.