Surgical site infection in paediatric posterior fossa surgery: does pathology matter?

Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the rates and potential risks of surgical site infection (SSI) after posterior fossa surgery for tumour resection in children. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our local paediatric (age < 16 years) database for all cases of posterior fossa (PF) brain tumour surgery between November 2008 and November 2019. We collected patient demographics, tumour histology/location, and the event of postoperative surgical site infection. Results Overall, 22.1% ( n =15) developed SSI out of sixty-eight children undergoing PF surgery for resection of brain tumours; 73.3% of them had a confirmed diagnosis of medulloblastoma. There was no statistically significant difference in the age (5.1 ± 0.60 vs. 6.2 ± 0.97 years; p =0.47) and duration of operation (262 vs. 253 min; p = 0.7655) between the medulloblastoma group and other tumours. Although the rate of postoperative hydrocephalus was higher in the medulloblastoma group (12.9% vs. 0%), this was not associated with increased SSI. Rates of CSF leak between the 2 groups were not different. Conclusion Medulloblastoma as a pathological entity seems to carry higher risk of postoperative surgical site infection compared to other types of paediatric posterior fossa tumours. Further larger studies are required to look into this causal relationship and other risk factors that might be involved.